bourdon



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. O. A. BOURBON. BJBGTOR CONDENSEREXHAUSTBR.

une 22, 1897.

Patente aw JfiM/M m: mums PETERS co, s-noro-umu. WAEHXNGTON. a Q

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2. O. A. BOURBON.

EJEGTOR CONDENSER EXHAUSTER. No. 584,767. Patented June 22, 1897.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. O. A. BOURBON.

EJEGTOR CONDENSER EXHAUSTER. No. 584,767. Patented June 22, 1897.

I (No Model.) 5 8heets-Sheet 4.

O. A. BOURBON. EJEGTOR CONDENSER EXHAUSTER. No. 584,767. Patented June22, 1897.

F/Ei' (No Model.) .5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

G. A. BOURBON. EJEGTOR CONDENSER EXHAUST-ER.

No. 584,767. Patented June 22, 1897.

NTTED STATES PATENT Trice.

CHARLES ALEXANDRE BOURDON, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

EJECTOR CONDENSER EXHAUSTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 584,767, dated June 22,1897.

Application filed February 17, 1897. Serial No. 623,805. (No model.)Patented in France July 18, 1896,110. 253,173.

T 0 all] whom, ll/3 may concern.-

' Be it known that I, CHARLES ALEXANDRE BOURBON, of the city of Paris,France, have invented an Improved Ejector Condenser EX- hauster, (forwhich I have obtained Letters Patent in France for fifteen years, datedJuly 18,1896,No. 258,173,) of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.

This invention relates to what may be termed an ejector condenserexhauster for producing a vacuum in receivers or condensers, andpossessing the following advantages: first, low consumption of power;second, reduced expenditure of water; third, absence of parts requiringadjustment or attention, and capability of being at once set in actionat any moment, even after prolonged stoppage.

Exhaus'ters and condensers in which the vacuum is produced by thepassage at a high velocity of water through a converging and divergingconical nozzle are known, but heretofore the water, whether set inmotion by a centrifugal pump or by the effect of the vacuum produced bythe condensation of the steam, has always been lost on leaving theejector. The volume expended is considerable and the water is ejected ata temperature much lower than that which it may without inconvenienceattain.

In order to remedy these objections, I have connected the extremity ofthe diverging cone of the ejector with the suction of a mechanical meansof imparting to the mass of water the velocity with which it should passthrough the nozzle in order to produce the suction re quired. By thismeans the work of aspiration is performed by means of this mass ofwater, which is caused to circulate mechanically with a considerablevelocity in a closed circuit in which the nozzle is situated. The liquidmass therefore returns with its acquired velocity to the mechanicalapparatus, which maintains its motion, but which has only to compensatefor the loss of pressure produced during one passage through thecircuit, so that the motive power absorbed by the apparatus is reducedas far as possible.

It is to be observed also that, this mechanical work of aspiration beingperformed as efficiently by a current of hot as of cold water, thetemperature of the water circulating in the closed circuit may beallowed to rise to a tolerahly high degree and absorb a large quantityof steam, and consequently the expenditure of water is less than withthe ordinary kind of ejector condenser.

If motion is imparted to the water by means of a centrifugal pump, themixture of Water and aspirated air is, so to speak, turbined in passingthrough the pump. By the effect of centrifugal force the air tends toremain at the center of the pump while the water is projected to thecircumference, so that in order to get rid of the air it isonlynecessary to connect the central part of the pump with the exteriorby means of two pipes opening into the pump at a short distance from theshaft of the pallet-wheel.

If the apparatus is a condenser, a certain quantity of cold water isadded continually to the circulatingcolumn by means which will bedescribed in order to prevent the temperature rising beyond to a pointat which a sufficiently-high vacuum could not be obtained. The additionof cold water may be effected by injecting it at any suitable point inthe delivery-pipe of the centrifugal pump. In working thus a volume ofwater equal to that added must flow out of the circuit, which it may doby the airescape pipes.

In the drawings, Figure l is a broken-away side elevation of a condenserembodying my invention, the operating parts being shown partly insection. Fig. 2 is a broken-away end elevation of the same, also partlyin section. Fig. 3 shows the condenser apparatus and a surface-condenserapparatus in elevation. Fig. 4 is a broken-away detail side elevation ofthe surface condenser, and Fig. 5 is a plan of the apparatus shown inFig. "3, partly in section.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, forming part of thisspecificatiolnin which Figs. 1 and 2 are sectional views showing indetail the construction of condenser, it

ging cone of the ejector, while the mouth of the diverging cone isdirectly connected to the suction-pipe of the pump. L

The do uble-conical ejector A may be placed either vertically orhorizontally, preferably in the former position. From each of thesuction-chambers of the pump lead the discharge-pipes I) Z). Between theconverging cone to and the inlet to the diverging cone of the ejector Athere is a series of conical rings a projecting the one into the other,but with intervening annular spaces at which the steam which condensesin the water and the air to be carried along by the water are drawn in.

The water is delivered by the pump into the chamber 0, from the bottomof which leads the converging cone a of the ejector A. Cold water issupplied to the apparatus by a tube D and may enter into circulation intwo ways, either by a second doubly-coiled ejector E or by aninjection-tube II, from which the cold water is rained down on thechamber of the ejector A, the simultaneous supply in both ways beingfavorable to the condensation of the steam. E,like A,is a doubly-coiledejector having between the converging and diverging cones a number ofconical rings projecting into each other and separated by spacesproducing successive aspirations. The supply of water thereto may beintercepted or regulated by means of a valve 6, operated by ahand-wheel, the valve being provided with a regulatingneedle. Thediverging cone of this ejector opens at the center of the smaller end ofthe converging cone a that is to say, at the point where the suctionproduced by this ejector is greater. The cold water thus enters E at ahigh velocity due in part to the vacuum produced by the condensation ofthe steam and in part to the suction produced in the ejector E bythe'passage into A of the water delivered by the centrifugal pump. Fromthis it will be seen howgreatly the aspirating power of the ejector E isincreased relatively to that of A by reason of the high velocity of thecold water which traverses it. In this way cold water is caused to enterthe circulation of the closed circuit while utilizing the very powerfulsuction which it is capable of producing and by causing it to condense alarge quantity of steam of which its low temperature enables it toabsorb the heat. The suction-chambers of the two ejectors are shown asbeing connected by a tube G.

Thus constructed the ejector condenser may be considered as being formedof two ejeetors, whereof A absorbs the air which enters the condenserand all the steam permitted by the temperature of the water passingthrough the suction-rings of the ejector, while E completes thecondensation of the steam to a temperature which is determined by thegreater or less quantity of cold water supplied to this second ejectorand the temperature of this water.

The second arrangement described for introducing cold water into theejector condenser consists in projecting the water in the form of rainin the suction-chamber of the ejector A. For this purpose a tube, suchas H, may be used, and the water so injected condenses the steam, andthe whole is drawn through the ejector A, which at same time draws inthe air contained in the condenser. In this case the cold watersurrounds, so to speak, the hot water put in circulation by the pump,while in the previous case the cold water after having passed through Eentered the center of the jet of hot water circulating in A. This lastcondition is favorable to condensation, but has the objection ofintroducing the injection water, as in an ordinary condenser, into themidst of a vacuum, so that the air held in solution becomes disengagedand disseminated in the condenser, from which it must be extractedby theejector A. As this has a low output, it is of advantage to give it aslittle work as possible. With the first-described arrangement thisdisengagement of air from the injection water does not take place in theejector E. It will be seen that it is easy to utilize simultaneously thetwo modes described so as to profit by the advantages of both.

It will be seen that with this new apparatus an important economy ofmotive power is effected, as it will be obvious that the centrifugalpump working in the manner described absorbs less power than theair-pump of an ordinary condenser of which the piston is exposed toatmospheric pressure. The expenditure of water, whether for the simpleor compound condensation, is also very much reduced relatively to thatrequired for ordinary condensation.

In order to prevent the return of water to the cylinder when the engineis stopped, itis only necessary to provide on the exhaust-pipe anair-inlet cock which is opened at same time that the steam is shut offfrom the engine, and as the momentum of the fly-wheel causes the engineto make a few revolutions after the steam-valve is shut the continuedexhaustion of the condenser prevents the water entering the cylinder.The action of the condenser commences at the same time as the engine isset in motion.

I will now describe the application of the ejector condenser exhausterto surface condensation.

The reduction which is rendered possible by the ejector condenser in theconsumption of water required for the purpose of condensation and therise of temperature of this water permit of a new combination possessingthe advantages of surface condensation-namely, avoiding contact of thecondensed steam with the cold water by which the heat of cond ensationis absorbed.

This apparatus, which I will now describe, is not, properlyspeaking,asurface condenser, but a mere refrigerating apparatus. It consists,essentially, of a nest of tubes or a series of chambers presenting alarge area of surface and into which, by one of theirends, enters thewater delivered through the dis.- charge-tubes l) b by the centrifugalpump of the ejectorcondenserabovedescribed. Their other end is connectedto a pipe whose prolongation is the supply-pipe D of the ejectorcondenser. The water before entering the chambers has been deliveredinto a tank which forms a fresh water reservoir, the transfer of thewater thereto permitting the disengagement of the air. These chambersare immersed in a sheet-iron tank, through which a current of cold wateris circulated in accordance with the principles of methodical coolingbya centrifugal pump or other means.

The advantages of the arrangement are as follows: The construction oftubular condenscrs now in use is costly, the tube-plates being of copperand the tubes of tinned brass, the joints between the tubes and platesbeing eX- pensive and requiring to be made with great care. They are sonumerous that it is difficult to insure their being perfectly tight atthe pressure of one atmosphere which they are required to withstand whenthe condenser is under vacuum, and the condenser-shell itself must be ofsuitable construction to enable it to withstand this pressure.

IVith the arrangement which I have referred to the chambers an d thetank in which they are immersed are merely filled with water and do notsupport any pressure, so that the joints, if any, are not liable toleak, since there is equilibrium of pressure throughout. Theconstruction of a refrigerator of this kind is very simple andinexpensive, and as re gards the condensation it takes place in exactlythe same way as was described in respect of the previously-describedarrangement, except that the water supplied to the ejector E is alwaysthe same and is never in contact with the water used for cooling. Thisvery simple arrangement can hardly be used with jet condensers now inuse because the volume of water required for effecting condensation istoo great and because this water being ejected at a low temperature thedifference of temperature available for the transmission of heat-unitsis too small. This objection is the more weighty because the coefficientof the transmission of heat from water to water is less than that whichcorresponds to the transmission from steam to water. For these reasonswith ordinary condensation the cooling-surfaces must necessarily be oflarge area as ultimately to be almost impracticable, whereas with theejector condenser the dimensions of the apparatus are considerablyreduced because the volume of water to be cooled is smaller at the sametime that the available difference of temperature between the hot andthe cold water determines a more rapid transmission of the heat-units.

Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings show different views of thearrangements which may be adopted in the construction of a surfacecondenser according to the principle above set forth. The principalelement of this installation is the ejector condenser, as abovedescribed, comprising the ejector A and the centrifugal pump B, M beingthe cooling tank, in which are immersed a number of chambers N, ofgalvanized sheet-iron or corrugated copper, presenting a very extendedsurface sufficient in area for producing the cooling required. I

A vigorous and continuous current of the water available for cooling maybe maintained -through the tank M by a centrifugal pump 1?, which may bemounted on the same shaft as that of the ejector condenser and driven bythe same pulley. This mode of condensation being especially applied tomarine engines it may be supposed that a certain quantity of sea-waterproportional to the number of heat-units to be absorbed is keptcirculating through the tank. It is evident that the area of thecoolingsurface and the quantity of water in circulation are two factorswhich may be varied inversely within wide limits to obtain the sameresult. Thus the cooling-surface may be small in area and the water incirculation large in quantity, or the area of surface may be large andthe quantity of water in circulation small, practice alone showing whichare the best proportions to adopt.

In order to insure a good distribution of the cooling-water through tankH, the de livery-pipe R from the pump enters the tank and is provided atits upper side with a number of slits, through which the water isprojected into the spaces intervening between the chambers N.

In order to produce a methodical cooling, the water discharged from theejector condenser enters the chambers N by branch connections at theirupper ends and passes out by similar connections at their lower ends.

The inlets and outlets are connected to receiving and distributing pipesS S. On the pipe S is mounted a tank T, which receives the waterdischarged by the ejector condenser and allows the contained air drawnin by the ejector to become disengaged while the pipe S is connected tothe fresh-water injection apparatus within the condenser.

The construction of the cooling apparatus may be varied indefinitely,that described being inexpensive and illustrating well the advantages tobe gained by this mode of working, which does not necessitate the use ofa nest of tubes presenting a multitude of joints.

The ejector condenser exhauster constructed and operating as describedin the first part of this specification may be used not only forcondensing steam and extracting air from a condenser, but also formerely eX- hausting air or a gas, or for the propulsion of a liquid. I

One of the numerous possible applications is the use for producing amore or less high vacuum in a receiver. In this case it is necessarythat the-circuit in which the liquid circulates should always becompletely full, and it will therefore be necessary to make a smalladdition of Water through a pipe, such as H, orby means of an ejector,such as E, in order to replace that carried off along with the air orgas in escaping at the dischargepipes l) b of the centrifugal pump.

If only a small volume of gas is required to be carried off under a verydiminished pressure, I may profit by the increased suction produced bythe ejector E, which would inthis case alone be utilized for producingthe vacuum, while the ejector A would only serve to increase theVelocity of the Water which passes through the other. This would enablethe velocity of circulation of the closed circuit to be reduced, but itwould be necessary to supply at E a considerable quantity of water whichwould be lost.

The apparatus may be used as an exhauster may also be effected by thisapparatus, but

less effectually, by causing a constant portion of the gas itself tocirculate in the'closed circuit by means of a fan.

For the forcing of liquids the construction of the apparatus would beunaltered, and the liquid forced would be that arriving by the tube H orby the ejector E, and the forcing would be produced by a constant massof this same liquid, which would be put in motion by the centrifugalpump and would circulate continuously in the closed circuit, thedischarge or forcing taking place through the tubes 1) b of thecentrifugal pump.

When using the apparatus as an ejector condenser, it is utilized forforcing air and water simultaneously.

I claim- The herein-described ejector condenser exhauster for effectingthe condensation of steam in jet or surface condensers or for forcin ggases and liquids, the said apparatus consisting essentially of anejector formed of a converging and diverging cone through which a liquidcolumn is by mechanical means kept continuously circulating in a closedcircuit provided with discharge-orifices for the evacuation of the gasesor liquids exhausted.

The foregoing specification of my improved ejector condenser exhaustersigned by me this 5th day of February, 1897.

CHARLES ALEXANDRE BOURBON.

Witnesses:

EDWARD P. MAcLEAN, MAURIcE H. PIGNET.

